刀刀RYU

酷词 Cool Words: Have got sb’s number

直译过来的意思是"得到了某人的号码"，真正的含义也正是从这里引申过去的，意思是"知道某人的真面目，底细，对某人很了解。"（know what sb is really like, what his intentions really are）


例1：She pretends to be friendly but I've got her number; she just likes to know everything.

她装的挺亲热，可我了解她的底；她就是什么事都爱打听。


例2：No big talk with me. I have your number.

别跟我瞎吹了，我又不是不了解你底细。

刀刀RYU

Security can't be taken for granted

史嘉玲 By Kathleen Yao


　　Today I find myself living in one of the safest cities in the world, Singapore. But the truth is, even here in Singapore, security cannot be taken for granted. It is a small nation that has no natural resources to speak of, even something as basic as water is constantly threatened to be cut off by Malaysia.


　　The ubiquitous Al-Qaeda network in the form of Jemaah Islamiyah is on this tiny island as well, a plot to bomb American soldiers near Yishun MRT was uncovered by the Singapore authorities months after the September 11 attacks on US soil.


　　Singapore captured those men, but since then bombs have gone off in Manila, Zamboanga and Bali most likely perpetrated by the same group. So do we really believe we can find all the terrorists, not only of today but of the future?


　　The United Nations (and its previous incarnations) has tried for more than a century to architect peace for the world. But it has clearly failed. The grand scale horrors of the World Wars may have stopped but only in the forms they had existed before.


　　When the enemy is unseen and there are no front lines, when death can be ingested, touched or merely inhaled, have we in fact created a more peaceful and secure place?


　　Where have we gone wrong? This time even our hindsight is not perfect. Perhaps it is because the international body has never understood that peace was, is and never will be something it can engineer nor administer.


　　Not recognising this truth, the remedies it provides are often ephemeral and sometimes even dangerous. Solutions for threatening situations tend to be doled out in formulaic economic and political reforms.


　　Often the reform requires the "delinquent"country to be more like America or Britain and its idealised democratic society. The UN fails to consider, however, that hundreds of years of evolution, not sudden imposition, gave rise to these strong democracies.


　　Thus, almost always, the result of intervention has not been an empowered people but further corruption and chaos. Worse for them. Worse for all of us.


　　Of course the installment of UN peacekeepers to prevent further violence is not always unwelcome. East Timor, Bosnia and Cambodia are grateful for the help in stopping the bloodshed. Neither has each effort by the international body failed.


　　So in place of artificial, temporary measures such as economic sanctions and imposed political reformation, the UN should instead busy itself in building institutions that are respectful of the world's many social and cultural differences.


　　There needs to be the creation of dialogue and forums and circumstances that allow opposing sides to find common goals and interests. And it cannot be at the political level; it cannot be among leaders of countries. These institutions of education, affirmation and inspiration should rise where the people live.


　　For truly, although a government or international body cannot possess peace to give away or apportion, there are those who do possess it. Those who own peace are us, as individuals who cherish life, not our own, but all others. The act of achieving peace lies in us when we choose to respect our differences and appreciate that all our lives are fragile.


　　Foreign Minister of Israel Shimon Peres who resigned recently puts it this way; "Peace is a matter of an agreement, not a matter of imposition, not a matter of a one-sided act, not a matter of power. A good neighbour is always better than the best of guns that you can acquire."


　　In a world increasingly helpless and desperate, looking towards the government or international bodies to right the wrong in the world today, the policy and power of peace and security in fact belongs to the individual. The government cannot stop a lone terrorist from killing. However, a compassionate neighbour can. At the end of the day, no place is safe, unless we, as individuals, decide to make it so. The day we learn to guard and cherish each other is the only day that security can make its home.



(The writer, an expatriate living in Singapore, has studied and worked in the US.)

　　我目前住在新加坡，一个可说是非常安全的都市。不过，就算在这儿，人们也不能视安全为理所当然。新加坡是一个没有天然资源的小国，连基本的水供也时常面对被马来西亚切断的威胁。


　　似乎无所不在的卡伊达恐怖组织，也以回教祈祷团的形式在这里出现。回教祈祷团在义顺地铁站放置炸弹，炸死美国军事人员的阴谋，在九一一事件发生后几个月，被新加坡当局揭发，一些成员也被捕。


　　然而，连串爆炸事件过后在马尼拉、三宝颜和峇厘岛发生，它们很可能是回教祈祷团所干。


　　我们真的相信可以逮捕现有和未来的所有恐怖分子吗？


　　联合国（和它的前身）尝试为世界创造和平已经超过一个世纪，但它明显的失败了。像两次世界大战那么大规模的惨剧虽然没有重演，但改变的可能只是形式而已。


　　当我们看不到敌人，战场也没有前线，而死亡可能在接触、吞食或呼吸的瞬息间发生，我们可以说已经制造了一个更和平和安全的世界吗？


　　我们哪里做错了？这回就算事后孔明也没有令人满意的解释。可能国际组织一直不明白，通过操纵的方式永远不能带来和平。


　　它们往往提供短暂甚至危险的补救办法，也认为解决危机的良方是经济和政治改革。所谓的改革一般上是要求"问题国家"变得更像美国或英国，或者他们理想中的民主社会。联合国似乎没有考虑到，美国和英国的民主制度是经过几百年的时间逐步发展形成，同样的制度不能强加于其他国家。


　　国际社会干预的结果几乎都是造成更多的贪污和动乱，受干预国家的人民并没有因此获得更多的权力。情况对他们来说比以前更糟，对世人来说也一样。


　　当然，帮助制止更多暴力事件的联合国维和部队，并不是到处不受欢迎。东帝汶、波斯尼亚和柬埔寨都非常感激和平部队协助他们停止国内的血腥冲突。联合国的努力也不是每一回都以失败收场。


　　联合国应该致力于建设尊重不同国家的社会和文化习俗的机制，取代施加经济制裁和政治改革等不切实际和非长远的措施。


　　不同意见的各方，需要有商谈和讨论的空间，寻找共同的利益和目标。这样的沟通不应该局限于政治层面和国与国之间。另外，公众也应该有机会接受教育、肯定自己和发挥理想。


　　政府和国际组织虽然不能给予人们和平，但是，人们却能让自己享有和平。人们不但应该珍惜自己的生命，也应该珍惜他人的生命。当我们选择尊重彼此间的不同，意识到生命的脆弱，我们便能取得和平。


　　最近刚提交辞呈的以色列外长佩雷斯曾说："和平是一种协议，不能强行施加，不是单方面的行为，也不是权力的表现。一个好邻居永远比你所能获得的最具威力枪支来得强。"


　　世界局势越来越显得绝望和无助，人们实际上肩负维持和平和安全的责任。政府不能阻止一个独来独往的恐怖分子滥杀无辜，一个充满同情心的邻居却可能阻止悲剧的发生。


　　归根结底，除非每个人都选择并确保和平，天底下没有任何地方是安全的。只有当我们学会珍惜和维护彼此，我们才能长久的享有和平。

刀刀RYU

· The Original Grimm's Fairy Tales 原版格林童话

· Once upon a time…

很久很久以前……



1.

Murder. Child 1)abuse. 2)Racism. Sound like the 3)ingredients fo

r a good children's story? Probably not, but that's exactly what

you'll find when ＆＆＆＆＆＆＆ at some of the early versions of the

Grimm brothers' fairy tales. When Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began

collecting and writing down 4)folktales, they considered it a 5)

scholarly project for 6)preserving German 7)oral stories, rather

　than an effort to entertain children.



谋杀、虐待儿童、种族歧视。听起来像是优良儿童读物的成份吗？可能不

是，但是如果去看早期版本的格林兄弟童话，这些正是你会看到的内容。

当雅各和威廉格林兄弟开始收集、撰写民间故事时，他们把它视为一项学

术计划，目的是要保存德国的囗传故事，而不是要娱乐儿童。



　· 本段单字



1) abuse (v.) 虐待

2) racism (n.) 种族歧视

3) ingredient (n.) 成份

4) folktale (n.) 民间故事，传说

5) scholarly (a.) 学术性的

6) preserve (v.) 保存

7) oral (a.) 囗语的，囗述的



2.

Jacob and Wilhelm were the oldest of six Grimm children. Both pa

rents died 1)relatively young, so Jacob and Wilhelm worked as li

brarians to support their brothers and sister. However, they fou

nd time to continue their hobby of collecting stories, traveling

　all over Germany to listen to folktales and record them.



雅各和威廉是格林家六个孩子最年长的两个。他们的双亲很早就过世，所

以雅各和威廉当图书馆员来扶养弟妹。但他们仍挪出时间来持续收集故事

的嗜好，到德国各地旅行以便聆听民间传说并记录下来。



　· 本段单字



1) relatively (adv.) 相对地，比较起来



3.

Their best-known work, Kinder- und Hausmarchen (known as Grimm's

Fairy Tales in English), was published in two 1)volumes in 1812

and 1814. They published six more 2)editions during their 3)lif

etime. The last contains more than 200 stories and legends, incl

uding many of the most popular fairy tales, such as "Snow White,

" "Cinderella," and "Sleeping Beauty." It is the most popular Ge

rman book ever, selling over 25 million copies in more than 100

languages.



他们最着名的作品《儿童与家庭童话》（英文称为《格林童话》）在一八

一二年和一八一四年分两集出版。在他们的有生之年再版了六次。最後一

版有两百多个故事和传说，包括许多最着名的童话，例如〈白雪公主〉、

〈灰姑娘〉与〈睡美人〉。它是有史以来最受欢迎的德文书，以超过一百

种语言销售二千五百万本以上。



　· 本段单字



1) volume (n.) 册，卷

2) edition (n.) 版本

3) lifetime (n.) 一生



4.

The Grimm brothers were not the first to write down some of thes

e stories. Versions of "Hansel and Gretel" and "Rapunzel," for e

xample, were published in Italy in 1647. The Cinderella story ha

s been 1)traced to the Tang 2)dynasty tale of "Ye Shen." However

, the Grimms were the first to try to faithfully record oral 3)s

torytelling, though later 4)scholars have claimed they edited th

e tales to 5)conform to their 6)Christian beliefs.



这些故事，有些并不是格林兄弟最早写下的。比方说，〈韩赛儿与葛莉特

〉（又译糖果屋）和〈长发公主〉的故事，有些版本早在一六四七年就在

义大利出版。灰姑娘的故事有人追溯到至唐朝〈叶限〉的故事。然而，格

林兄弟是最早尝试忠实记录囗传故事的人，不过後来的学者宣称，格林兄

弟曾动手编辑这些故事以符合他们的基督教信仰。



　· 本段单字



1) trace (v.) 追溯

2) dynasty (n.) 朝代

3) storytelling (n.) 说故事

4) scholar (n.) 学者

5) conform (v.) 使符合，使一致

6) Christian (a.) 基督教的



5.

What is clear is that as their fairy tales became more popular a

s children's 1)literature, the Grimms edited them to make them m

ore 2)suitable for children. They made the 3)morals clearer and

eliminated some of the violence and most of the sex. But even th

e edited versions will probably 4)make your hair stand on end, a

nd you wouldn't dream of giving them to children.



可以断定的是，当他们的童话以儿童文学的形式日渐受到欢迎後，格林兄

弟就着手修改，使它更适合儿童阅读。他们使故事的寓意变得更清楚，删

掉一些暴力及大多数关於性的情节。但即使是修改过的版本可能也会让你

毛骨悚然，而且你绝不会想拿给儿童看。



　· 本段单字



1) literature (n.) 文学

2) suitable (a.) 适合的

3) morals (n.) 道德教训

4) make someone's hair stand on end (phr.) 令人毛骨悚然



6.

For example, in the Grimms' version of "The Frog Prince," the pr

incess doesn't kiss the frog-she throws it against the wall as h

ard as she can. Cinderella has no 1)fairy godmother, and her mea

n 2)stepsisters cut off parts of their feet to try to fit into t

he glass 3)slipper. In the end, they have their eyes 4)pecked ou

t by birds as punishment.



例如，在格林兄弟的〈青蛙王子〉中，公主并没有亲吻青蛙──而是尽可

能用最大的力气把它摔到墙上。灰姑娘没有神仙教母，而她那两个恶劣的

继姐为了想穿上玻璃鞋，把脚削掉了一部分。最後她们的眼睛还被鸟啄掉

，当作惩罚。



　· 本段单字



1) fairy godmother (n.) 童话故事，在危急情况拯救主角的仙女

2) stepsister (n.) 继姐妹。继父（母）与前妻（夫）生的女儿，儿子

则称为 stepbrother，并无血缘关系。若是同父异母或同母异父，有血缘

关系，称为 half sister 或 half borther

3) slipper (n.) 便鞋，拖鞋

4) peck (v.) 啄



7.

Grimm's Fairy Tales also contains a few stories that are insulti

ng to Jews, and another in which a father tries to marry his dau

ghter. In "Snow White," the evil 1)stepmother is forced to wear

2)red-hot iron shoes and dance until she's dead. But that's stil

l better than a Swiss version where the seven 3)dwarves were kil

led.



《格林童话》也包括一些侮辱犹太人的故事，还有一则故事里头的父亲想

娶自己的女儿。在〈白雪公主〉中，邪恶的後母被迫穿上烧红的铁鞋跳舞

至死。但这仍比瑞士版的〈白雪公主〉好，因为在那个版本，七个小矮人

被杀身亡。



　· 本段单字



1) stepmother (n.) 继母，後母

2) red-hot (a.) 炽热的

3) dwarf (n.) 侏儒，小矮人



8.

Disney 1)modified the tales further for their film versions, whi

ch may be the ones best known today. The fairy tales are still b

eing rewritten even now. Some scholars are trying to 2)restore t

he originals and point out where the Grimms modified them. Some

claim the stories are bad models for girls, and have written 3)f

eminist versions. The tradition of changing the stories to fit t

he times continues. Maybe next, Snow White and the dwarves will

start an Internet company, sell out to Microsoft, and retire.



迪士尼进一步修改这些故事拍成电影版本，可能是今天最广为人知的版本

。就在今日，这些童话仍在不断重写当。有些学者尝试重现原始版本，并

且指出格林兄弟修改过的地方。有些人宣称这些故事不是女孩的好榜样，

并且写了一些申张女权主义的版本。改变故事使它符合时代的这个传统仍

在持续。或许在下一个版本，白雪公主和小矮人会开一家网路公司、卖给

微软，然後退休。



　· 本段单字



1) modify (v.) 修改

2) restore (v.) 恢复，复原

3) feminist (a.) 女权主义的

刀刀RYU

The new action figures 公仔



◎「公仔」是广东话的玩偶



　· 标题单字



figure (n.) 人形玩偶，action figure (phr.) 是关节可活动的人形玩

偶





　· More than just toys

不只是玩具而已





1.

They have 1)tattoos and 2)piercings all over their bodies. They

3)sport shaved heads, earrings, and beards. They also carry 4)su

rfboards and have 5)attitudes. And they're dolls! Welcome to the

　new age of action figures.



他们全身都有刺青和穿洞。他们秀出光头、耳环和胡子。他们也带着冲浪

板，表现出敌视态度。而且他们是玩偶！欢迎来到公仔的新时代。



　· 本段单字



1) tattoo (n.) 刺青

2) piercing (n.) 穿洞，刺穿

3) sport (v.) 炫耀，夸示

4) surfboard (n.) 冲浪板

5) attitude (n.) 态度，（美俚）敌对态度



2.

Coming largely out of Hong Kong, the newest 1)trend in 2)collect

able figures has taken off! These new plastic figures look like

your friend or the kid next door. The new dolls are hot items be

cause they represent the generation buying them. And they aren't

just ordinary toys. These figures have rich colors and very 3)p

recise details.



收集公仔的最新潮流主要来自香港，而且已经形成风潮！这些新的塑胶人

偶看起来就像你的朋友或邻居的小孩。这些新娃娃成为热门商品，因为它

们能代表购买它们的这一代。而且它们不只是普通的玩具，这些人形玩偶

有丰富的色彩与非常精确的细节。



　· 本段单字



1) trend (n.) 趋势，潮流

2) collectable (a.) 可收藏的，当名词为收藏品

3) precise (a.) 精确的



3.

Figures like Fat Cap and Thinbone are 1)street-smart and wear th

e latest fashions. Some dolls are lazy and just 2)hang out while

others are in trouble with the law and hide their faces. Most a

re between 3 and 8 inches tall. But all figures find thousands o

f fans and buyers among the twentysomething hip-hop generation.



Fat Cap和Thinbone这类公仔都有在街头打混的经验，身穿最新流行的服

饰。有些公仔很懒，闲荡度日，也有些公仔有法律纠纷，所以蒙着脸。大

多数的公仔是三到八寸高，但所有公仔都在二十来岁的嘻哈世代拥有数以

千计的爱好者和买家。



　· 本段单字



1) street-smart (phr.) 能够在街头讨生活的

2) hang out (phr.) 游荡，闲晃



4.

A leading creator of these figures is 31-year-old Michael Lau of

Hong Kong. Lau's career took off with his famous Gardener stree

t-figures series. Lau says his figures are "1)inspired from what

ever is around me." His Gardeners are a 2)gang of young 3)dudes

led by a 4)skate-boarder named Maxx. They have a 5)soaring value

as collectables as only 500 to 1,000 of each are made. This is

part of the attraction of owning one. One of his figures, Tatto,

　sold for $19.20 in 1999. Today he's worth $500 in New York!



公仔的顶尖创造者之一是三十一岁的香港人刘建文。在他着名的Gardener

街头公仔系列推出後，刘建文的事业就扶摇直上。他说他那些公仔「灵感

都是来自我周遭的事物。」他的Gardener系列是一群年轻的纨裤子弟，老

大是一个溜滑板的小子名叫麦斯。由於每种款式只有五百个到一千个，所

以它们的收藏价值不断飙升。这也是让人想拥有公仔的原因之一。他的一

个公仔 Tatto在一九九九年的价钱是十九块两毛美金，但是今日在纽约的

身价却高达五百美元！



　· 本段单字



1) inspire (v.) 赋予……灵感

2) gang (n.) 一群，一夥

3) dude (n.) （俚语）男人，花花公子

4) skate-boarder (n.) 溜滑板者

5) soaring (a.) 高涨的



5.

Lau's 1)urban art is created from 2)sketches, 3)sculpted in 4)cl

ay, 5)modeled from plastic parts and sold with accessories. His

new vinyl series is called Crazychildren and most dolls cost $80

to $90. "He has a 6)distinctive, original style that no other t

oy designer has," one toyshop manager said.



刘建文的城市艺术是从草图开始创作、用黏土雕刻、以塑胶零件做成模型

，然後加上配件一起销售。他新推出的乙烯基制品系列称为 Crazychildr

en，售价大多在八十到九十美元之间。有位玩具店经理说：「他有一种独

特、原创的风格，那是其他玩具设计师没有的。」



　· 本段单字



1) urban (a.) 城市的

2) sketch (n.) 素描

3) sculpt (v.) 雕刻，雕塑

4) clay (n.) 黏土

5) model (v.) 做模型

6) distinctive (a.) 独特的，特殊的



6.

Other designers, like Lau's friend Eric So, have released their

own collections. So, 33 and also from Hong Kong, became famous f

rom his Bruce Lee figures set. So said: "I wanted to present the

Bruce Lee 1)philosophy to young people … be hard working, 2)ag

gressive and open-minded." So's other creations are also 3)limit

ed-run and expensive.



其他的设计师，例如刘建文的朋友苏勋，也推出了自己的作品。苏勋现年

三十三岁，也是香港人，以他的李小龙公仔系列闻名。苏勋说：「我希望

能把李小龙的人生哲学介绍给年轻人……要努力工作、积极进取、观念开

放。」苏勋的其他创作也是限量发行，价格昂贵。



　· 本段单字



1) philosophy (n.) 哲学

2) aggressive (a.) 积极的

3) limited-run (a.) 限量生产的



7.

Many Internet sites offer the figures, and this has spread buyer

s of the hip collectables to all corners of the world. Be on the

　1)lookout for new, cool figures in the action-toy world!



现在有许多网站供应这些公仔，这也使得这些时髦收藏品的买家遍及世界

各个角落。请留心注意活动玩具世界里最新最酷的公仔吧！



　· 本段单字



1) lookout (n.) 注意

刀刀RYU

· Munich 慕尼黑



A 1)fantastic fall 2)destination

秋季渡假胜地



　· 副标题单字



1) fantastic (a.) 很棒的

2) destination (n.) 目的地





1.

1)Nestled in the heart of Bavaria, in southeast Germany, there's

a charming European city that is surprisingly 2)cosmopolitan, y

et delightfully 3)quaint. Munich is a 4)treasure chest full of c

ultural, historical and architectural 5)gems for anyone interest

ed in 6)inspirational and educational travel.



德国东南部巴伐利亚省的心脏地带藏着一个迷人的欧洲城市，它国际化的

程度令人意外，古色古香的气氛又令人惊喜。慕尼黑是个充满文化、历史

与建筑珍宝的藏宝箱，喜欢启发与教育之旅的人都可以来寻宝。



　· 本段单字



1) nestle (v.) 处於，安顿

2) cosmopolitan (a.) 大都会的

3) quaint (a.) 古雅的

4) treasure chest (n.) 藏宝箱

5) gem (n.) 宝石

6) inspirational (a.) 启发灵感的





2.

1)Founded in 1158, the city was named Muenchen, or "home of the

2)monks," for its many 3)monasteries. The monks in these monaste

ries spent their time not only in 4)prayer and study, but also i

n making that 5)beloved German 6)beverage, beer. 7)Brewed under

strict regulations, monastery beer has always been highly regard

ed for its quality. Only the freshest 8)ingredients-9)barley, ho

ps and water-are used, which gives monastery beer its rich, pure

flavor. Today, this beer can be enjoyed in one of Munich's six

10)breweries and is a must for visitors.



慕尼黑建於一一五八年，因为拥有许多修道院，所以原名为 Muenchen，

也就是「僧侣之家」。这些修道院的僧侣不仅把时间花在祈祷、做功课，

同时也制造人人喜爱的德国饮料??啤酒。修道院的啤酒遵循严格规定酿

造，一向享有高品质的美誉。只使用最新鲜的原料??大麦、蛇麻草和水

??所以修道院啤酒才有丰富纯正的囗味。今日，这种啤酒可以在慕尼黑

的六座啤酒厂中品尝到，游客一定要试试。



　· 本段单字



1) found (v.) 创立

2) monk (n.) 僧侣

3) monastery (n.) 修道院

4) prayer (n.) 祈祷

5) beloved (a.) 挚爱的

6) beverage (n.) 饮料

7) brew (v.) 酿造

8) ingredient (n.) 原料，成分

9) barley (n.) 大麦

10) brewery (n.) 酿造厂





3.

Perhaps an ideal tour of Munich should begin in the center of th

e city, where many of the local attractions are. Marienplatz is

where you'll find the main 1)pedestrian streets 2)lined with qua

int shops and historic buildings: the 3)neo-4)Gothic New Town Ha

ll with its famous bells (Glockenspeil) and the Old Town Hall wi

th its Gothic tower. Surrounding Marienplatz are many other trea

sures, such as the church of Saint Peter's, built in the 11th ce

ntury, and many famous royal 5)residences of the past.



慕尼黑之旅的理想行程或许应该从市中心开始，那里有许多当地的景点。

玛莉亚广场有主要的行人步道，两旁古色古香的店铺与历史性建筑林立：

新哥德式的新市政厅及其着名的钟（Glockenspeil）、以及旧市政厅及其

哥德式高塔。玛莉亚广场四周还有许多其他的宝藏，例如建於十一世纪的

圣彼得教堂，与许多着名的古老皇家宅第。



　· 本段单字



1) pedestrian (a.) 行人的，徒步的

2) line (v.) 夹道

3) neo- (n.)「新」的字首

4) Gothic (a.) 哥德式的

5) residence (n.) 居住地





4.

Home to some of the city's most 1)prominent museums and 2)galler

ies is the area called Maxvorstadt, where you'll find Konigsplat

z with its 3)grand 4)architectures 5)commissioned by King Ludwig

I. The most famous museums of this area are the three Pinakothe

ks, two of which were also constructed by King Ludwig I. The old

er of the two houses 6)masterpieces by European painters such as

Raphael, Rembrandt and Rubens, while the newer houses 19th-cent

ury art. The third Pinakothek 7)displays contemporary art and de

sign.



这座城市有一些最着名的博物馆和画廊在 Maxvorstadt 区，在这里可以

看到国王广场，有路德维希一世国王委托兴建的宏伟建筑。这一区最着名

的博物馆是三所慕尼黑美术馆，其中两所也是路德维希一世国王所建。这

两间博物馆中比较老的一间收藏欧洲画家如拉斐尔、林布兰与鲁本斯的大

作，比较新的一间则收藏十九世纪的艺术作品。第三间慕尼黑美术馆展示

的是当代艺术与设计。



　· 本段单字



1) prominent (n.) 凸出的，显着的

2) gallery (n.) 画廊

3) grand (a.) 宏大的，伟大的

4) architecture (n.) 建筑

5) commission (v.) 委托

6) masterpiece (n.) 大师杰作

7) display (v.) 展示





5.

Leaving the city center, you come to another tourist attraction:

Olympic Park, where the 20th Olympic Games were held. The giant

1)stadium frequently 2)hosts various sporting events and concer

ts. The view is 3)spectacular from the 4)revolving restaurant on

top of the 950-ft. television tower. A new museum 5)arcade and

6)theme park, Olympic Spirit, is right next door. You mustn't mi

ss it if you like high-tech 7)simulators and 8)virtual reality g

ames. Nearby you'll find the BMW building, a great spot for car

fans. There's even a BMW museum in it.



离开了市中心，你来到另一个观光景点：奥林匹克公园，第二十届奥运就

是在这里举行的。这座巨大的运动场经常举办各种运动赛事与演唱会。从

九百五十尺高的电视塔顶端的旋转餐厅可以看到非常壮观的景色。它旁边

有一座新的博物馆游乐场兼主题公园「奥运精神」，喜好高科技模拟器与

虚拟实境游戏的人不能错过。附近还有 BMW大楼，最适合爱车族。里头还

有个 BMW博物馆。



　· 本段单字



1) stadium (n.) 运动场

2) host (v.) 举办

3) spectacular (a.) 壮观的

4) revolving (a.) 旋转的

5) arcade (n.) 拱廊，电动游乐场

6) theme park (phr.) 主题公园

7) simulator (n.) 模拟器

8) virtual reality (n.) 虚拟实境





6.

Experienced travelers would choose to come to Munich for one of

its 1)world-renowned festivals. During these festivals you can t

ruly experience "Gemutlichkeit," or 2)coziness, the 3)essence of

German culture. The most popular is Oktoberfest, held from late

September to early October: a huge party with beer, food and tr

aditional German music and dancing.



有经验的游客会选择一个闻名世界的庆典时节造访慕尼黑。在这些庆典中

，你可以真正体会到 Gemutlichkeit，也就是温馨舒适，那是德国文化的

精华。人气最旺的是从九月下旬一直到十月初的十月节（啤酒节）：一个

由啤酒、食物、传统德国音乐与舞蹈构成的大派对。



　· 本段单字



1) world-renowned (a.) 世界知名的

2) coziness (n.) 温馨，舒适

3) essence (n.) 精华





7.

Another festival that keeps visitors coming back is the Christma

s market, starting at the end of November and lasting until Dece

mber 24th. The Yuletide spirit is set afire with the huge 30-met

er-high Christmas tree, 1)adorned with 2,500 candles. Located in

Marienplatz, the market is full of 2)handicrafts, toys, and Chr

istmas 3)goodies, such as Gluhwein-a hot, 4)spiced wine-and vari

ous Christmas cakes.



另外一个一再吸引游客回来的庆典是耶诞市集，从十一月底一直持续到十

二月二十四日。装饰了两千五百支蜡烛、高达三十公尺的巨大耶诞树，将

耶诞季节的精神热度延烧到最高点。耶诞市场位於玛莉亚广场，有各种手

工艺品、玩具和耶诞应景的好东西，例如Gluhwein??一种加了香料的热

红酒??还有各式圣诞糕点。



　· 本段单字



1) adorn (v.) 装饰

2) handicraft (n.) 手工艺品

3) goodie (n.) 好东西（俚）

4) spiced (a.) 加香料的





8.

Though the crowds can be a problem, these festivals are perhaps

the best time to visit Munich. Just be sure to make your plans w

ell in advance, and be prepared for a new experience. You'll get

a taste of Bavarian culture that'll leave you thirsty for more.





尽管人潮可能是个问题，这些庆典举行时或许是造访慕尼黑的最佳时机。

但要及早做好计画，并且要有体验新事物的准备。你将品尝到巴伐利亚文

化，并且欲罢不能。

刀刀RYU

中式英语与地道英语

　请大家用英语表达以下这句话："我不常看电影。"?


　　相信大家读过我引述英国名教授Christopher D Winnon的分析后，都不会脱口就说：?


　　" I seldom go to the movies."?


　　同时会懂得套用他举的"not very often"的句型(sentence pattern)说出以下这句：?


　　"I don't go to the movies very often."


　　对，这句才是地地道道的英语表达法。?


　　我们现在再造一句以加深记忆好吗？?


　　"近来我们很少去迪斯科了。"?


　　相信你不会再用中式英语说：?


　　"We seldom go to disco these days."?


　　请闭上眼睛不要往下看，试用地道英语讲一讲，然后才看以下的答案……?


　　对了！?


　　你一定会说出以下这一句：?


　　"We don't often go to disco these days."


　　Professor Winnon说，有一天他叫两个香港学生对话，弄清楚对方的职业，结果讲出的中式英语很具代表性：?


　　学生甲：What's your job??


　　学生乙：I am a clerk. How about you??


　　学生甲：I am a worker.?


　　学生乙：That's a good job.?


　　学生甲：Yes, it's a good job.?


　　这组香港学生问对方职业的对话，着实不算地道。Professor Winnon在其著作中就写了这一句话：?


　　"不要说What's your job?"?


　　其实问刚认识的外国人干哪一行，还有几种不同的问法：


　　What do you do ??


　　What's your line of business??


　　What line of work are you in ??


　　Professor Winnon引述两个以英语为母语的人就同一话题进行的谈话，十分地道，很值得各位读友观摩：?


　　甲：Are you working at the moment, Marcus??


　　（马可斯，你目前有工作吗？）?


　　乙：Yes, I have just started as a trainee manager with a large joint venture. Where are you working these days??


　　（有的，我刚进了一家大型合资企业，当见习经理。你目前在哪儿工作？）?


　　甲：I am still working as a production engineer down in the Number 2 Radio Factory.


　　（我还在第二无线电厂当生产工程师。）?


　　乙：Sounds interesting.?


　　（听起来挺有意思的。）?


　　这组对话讲得着实地道，大家掌握句型后大可以灵活运用。请先研究以下这句错在哪儿：


　　" I have joined this club for six years."

刀刀RYU

· The Eden Project 伊甸园计划

　· A little piece of heaven 一小块天堂

1.

Guess where part of the latest Bond movie, Die Another Day, is being filmed? It's not a 1)lush, 2)tropical island, but it's close. It's a place called the Eden Project, 3)located in an old 4)clay 5)quarry in Cornwall, England.



猜猜看最新的○○七电影《谁与争锋》（暂译）的部分场景正在哪里拍摄？不是个草木茂盛的热带岛屿，但是也差不多了。那是名叫伊甸园计画的地方，位於英格兰康瓦尔郡的一处古老黏土矿场。



　· 本段单字



1) lush (a.) 苍翠茂密的

2) tropical (a.) 热带的，tropics (n.) 是热带地区

3) locate (v.) 座落於，位於

4) clay (n.) 黏土

5) quarry (n.) 采石场，露天矿场





2.

The 1)centerpiece of the Eden Project is two large 2)domes, the world's biggest 3)green houses. Steel 4)frameworks hold together 5)replaceable, 6)translucent, 7)hexagonal bubbles made of special plastic. The dome design needs no support inside, so there's a lot more space than in the average building. The bubbles keep the heat in well and provide much more light than a 8)brick buil ding ever could.



伊甸园计画的核心是两座大型圆顶建筑，那是世上最大的两间温室。钢架固定住由特殊塑胶制成、可以替换、半透明的六角形球体。这种圆顶设计不需要内部支架，所以比一般建筑拥有更多空间。这些球体的储热功能良好，而且提供的光线比砖造建筑多更多。



　· 本段单字



1) centerpiece (n.) 主要的部分

2) dome (n.) 圆顶

3) green house (phr.) 温室

4) framework (n.) 骨架

5) replaceable (a.) 可替换的

6) translucent (a.) 半透明的

7) hexagonal (a.) 六角形的

8) brick (a.) 砖造的

[ Last edited by 刀刀RYU on 2006-1-16 at 15:45 ]

刀刀RYU

续· The Eden Project 伊甸园计划


Altogether, Eden holds more than 100,000 1)species of plants from around the world. The 2)Humid Tropics Biome (HTB) is big enough to hold the Tower of London and is the largest plant 3)conservatory in the world. In the HTB one finds tropical plants from Malaysia, South America, West Africa, and other areas. The dome structure makes it possible to maintain the tropical climates necessary for the growth of 4)rubber, 5)cocoa, coffee, banana, and rice 6)crops.



总计伊甸园容纳来自全球各地的植物超过十万种。热带雨林馆（ HTB）大到足以容纳伦敦塔，是世上最大的植物温室。在 HTB中可以看到来自马来西亚、南美洲、西非洲与其他地区的热带植物。圆顶结构可以维持必需的热带气候供橡胶、可可、咖啡、香蕉及稻米的生长。



　· 本段单字



1) species (n.) 品种（单复数同形）

2) humid (a.) 潮湿的

3) conservatory (n.) 附设於建筑中的温室

4) rubber (n.) 橡胶

5) cocoa (n.) 可可树

6) crop (n.) 农作物





4.

While not quite so large, the nearby Warm 1)Temperate Biome (WTB) allows visitors to experience another kind of environment. It 2)recreates the dry summers and cool, wet winters found in Chile, California, South Africa, Australia, and the mediterranean. Crops growing here include cotton, corn, 3)olives, grapes, and 4)tobacco.



邻近的温带生态馆（ WTB）虽然没有那麽大，游客仍得以体验另一种环境。它复制出智利、加州、南非、澳洲与地中海那种乾燥的夏季与凉爽潮湿的冬季。里面种植的农作物包括棉花、玉米、橄榄、葡萄与菸草。



　· 本段单字



1) temperate (a.) 温带的

2) recreate (v.) 重新创造

3) olive (n.) 橄榄

4) tobacco (n.) 菸草

刀刀RYU

续· The Eden Project 伊甸园计划

5.

The Eden Project was named after the 1)Bible's Garden of Eden. There, the first humans (Adam and Eve) lived happily 2)coexisting with nature until they were 3)exiled from the garden. Many people today believe the only way to save our 4)delicate 5)ecosystem s from destruction is also to exile humans from them.



伊甸园计画得名自圣经里的伊甸园。在那里，最初的人类（亚当及夏娃）快乐地与自然共存，直到被逐出伊甸园。今日有许多人相信，要拯救我们脆弱的生态系统免於毁灭的唯一方法，也就是将人类逐出。



　· 本段单字



1) Bible (n.) 圣经

2) coexist (v.) 共存

3) exile (v.) 放逐

4) delicate (a.) 脆弱的

5) ecosystem (n.) 生态系统





6.

The Eden Project does not 1)aim to go this far, though. Cofounder Tim Smit actually wanted to create this project because "nothing can 2)disguise the fact that [humans] are part of nature, 3)indivisible from it." The project tries to let people come into contact with and learn about the 4)variety of plant life that covers our 5)planet. It is hoped that people will realize the importance of living in 6)harmony with nature, once they understand how much they affect their local environments.



可是，伊甸园计画的目标并不要做得这麽过份。共同创办人提姆史密特想要创立这个计画，实际上是因为「没有任何事可以掩饰这件事实：人类是大自然的一部分，与它密不可分。」这个计画想让人们接触与了解覆盖我们星球的各种植物生态。希望人们能了解与自然和谐共存的重要性，一旦他们知道自已对当地环境会造成多大的影响。



　· 本段单字



1) aim (v.) 瞄准

2) disguise (v.) 掩饰，伪装

3) indivisible (a.) 不可分割

4) variety (n.) 多样性

5) planet (n.) 行星

6) harmony (n.) 和谐

刀刀RYU

续· The Eden Project 伊甸园计划

7.

1)Hence, besides 2)focusing on creating an 3)incredible plant world for visitors, Eden also makes sure there are 4)numerous activities that educate and entertain. Free classes, dance performances, 5)storytelling, guided tours, and art collections all make sure people get a lot out of visiting Eden. A stage set in the Outdoor 6)Landscape area allows musical 7)talents to rock the nights away.



所以，除了专心为游客营造一个不可置信的植物世界之外，伊甸园也努力经营各式各样有教育性、娱乐性的活动。免费课程、舞蹈表演、说故事、观光导览以及艺品收藏，都是为了让人们叁观伊甸园之旅收获良多。设置於「户外景观」区的一座舞台，可让有音乐细胞的人整夜摇滚。



　· 本段单字



1) hence (adv.) 因此

2) focus on (phr.) 集中於，专注於

3) incredible (a.) 不可置信的，惊人的

4) numerous (a.) 为数众多的

5) storytelling (n.) 说故事

6) landscape (n.) 风景

7) talent (n.) 才华，人才





8.

One more interesting 1)aspect of the Eden Project is that it has fully involved the local 2)community. Eden employees come mainly from Cornwall. Even Buddy and Woody, who 3)keep bugs and 4)beasts in check as members of the 5)Pest Control Unit, are local cats.



伊甸园计画另一个有趣的层面在於它让当地社区充分叁与。伊甸园的员工主要来自康瓦尔郡。甚至连巴弟与伍迪??控制昆虫与动物的「害虫防治组」成员??都是本地的猫。



　· 本段单字



1) aspect (n.) 层面

2) community (n.) 社区

3) keep ... in check (phr.) 控制……的数目

4) beast (n.) 野兽

5) pest (n.) 害虫





9.

If this article makes you want to 1)check out Eden's amazing plant world, a word of warning. Eden can only let in so many visitors at one time. Even if you 2)book tickets in advance or are traveling with a group, when the domes 3)fill up, the gates close and nothing will get you in until enough people leave. Better arrive early or late to have the nature experience of a lifetime.



如果这篇文章让你想去看看伊甸园的美妙植物世界，要先提醒你一句话。伊甸园在一段时间内只允许一定人数的游客进园。即使你有事先订票或叁加旅行团，只要圆顶建筑客满，大门就会关闭，直到足够的人离开你才可以进园。最好很早或很晚抵达，才能享受毕生难得的自然体验。



　· 本段单字



1) check out (phr.) 了解，认识

2) book (v.) 预订（票）

3) fill up (phr.) 装满

刀刀RYU

Inside the Russian Embassy in London a KGB colonel puffed a cigarette as he read the handwritten note for the third time. There was no need for the writer to express regret, he though. Correcting this problem would be easy. He would do that in a moment. The thought of it caused a grim smile to appear and joy to his heart. But he pushed away those thoughts and turned his attention to a framed photograph on his desk. His wife was beautiful, he told himself as he remembered the day they were married. That was forty-three years ago, and it had been the proudest and happiest day of his life.

　　在伦敦的俄国使馆，一位克格勃上校一边吞云吐雾，一边读着一张手写的字条，这已是他第三次在读这张字条了。便条的作者不必表示遗憾了，上校这样想着。纠正这个错误其实很容易。他只要一会儿工夫便会做到。想到这里，他的脸上不禁浮现出一种可怕的笑容，他内心深处既伤感而又快活。上校从沉思中游离出来，将注意力集中到桌子上的一个像框上，他的妻子是位美丽的女人，当想起他们成婚的那一天时他不禁自语道。那已是43年前的事情了，可却是他一生中最自豪最幸福的日子。

　　What had happened to all that time? Why had it passed so quickly, and why hadn’t he spent more of it with her? Why hadn’t he held her close and told her more often that he loved her? He cursed himself as a tear came from the corner of his eye, ran down his cheek, then dropped onto the note. He stiffened and wiped his face with the back of his hand. There was no need for remorse or regret, he told himself. In a few moments he would join her and at that time would express his undying love and devotion.

　　那些时候都发生了什么？为什么时光流逝得如此之快？为什么他没能将更多的时光用来陪伴她？为什么他没能将她搂紧，更多次地告诉她他爱她？他于是开始诅咒起自己，泪水也忍不住夺眶而出，流过面颊，最后滴落在字条上。这时，他板起了面孔，用手背揩去了眼泪。已经没有必要来自责与悔恨了，他对自己说道。很快他不就会与她团聚了吗？到那时，他将再向她表达他永恒的爱与忠心。

　　After setting the note ablaze he dropped it into an ashtray and watched it burn. For a time the names cast moving shadows on the walls of the darkened room, then they nickered and died out. The colonel dropped the cigarette to the floor and ground it out with his heel, then clutched the photograph to his breast, removed a pistol from his pocket, placed the barrel in his mouth and pulled the trigger. In the ashtray a small portion of the note remained. Where it had been wetted by his tear it had failed to bum, and on that scrap of paper were the words "died yesterday."

　　他点燃了字条，将它扔进了烟灰缸中，看着它慢慢地燃烧起来。在火苗的映衬下，这间漆黑的屋子里的四壁一时变得影影绰绰。不一会儿，火苗成了星星点点，渐渐地熄灭了。上校把香烟扔在了地板上，用后脚跟碾灭，随后抓起照片放在自己的胸前。他从衣兜中掏出了一把手枪，将枪筒放进自己的嘴中，接着扣动扳机。在烟灰缸中还残留着一小片字条，由于被上校的泪水浸湿而未能燃尽。在这块残片上有这样几个字“昨天去世”。

刀刀RYU

Love 美式爱情（1）


An old song says that "love makes the world go around." If you watch Americans on Valentine's Day, you can believe it. The whole country breaks out with little red hearts. Love-struck people give cards, flowers and candy to their sweethearts. You might call it an annual celebration of love.


有首老歌是这么唱的「爱使世界旋转」。如果你在情人节观察美国人，你就会相信，因为全国突然出现许多小红心，恋爱的人会送卡片、花和糖果给他们的情人，也许我们可以称这是个爱的节庆。


Americans are romantic all year long, but especially on February 14. Valentine's Day gives people an excuse to ask someone they admire to "be their valentine."


美国人全年都是罗曼蒂克的，尤其是在二月十四日。情人节给了人们借口请他们所欣赏的人做他们的情人。

Conversation I 会话一

Stan: Hey, Angela! I've been looking all over for you!

史丹：安琪拉！我到处找你！

Angela: Well, hi, Stan! Happy Valentine's Day!

安琪拉：嗨！史丹！情人节快乐！

Stan: Thanks! Happy Valentine's Day to you, too! Uh, Angela.

史丹：谢谢！我也祝你情人节快乐！嗯，安琪拉……

Angela: Yes?

安琪拉：什么事？

Stan: Well, I...uh...got you a little something for Valentine's Day. Would you be my valentine?

史丹：我…，嗯，我有一样小东西送给你当情人节的礼物，你愿意做我的情人吗？

Angela: How sweet! The flowers are beautiful! And you know how much I love chocolate! Sure, I'd be honored to.

安琪拉：多美啊！这花好漂亮！而且你知道我有多喜欢巧克力！我觉得很荣幸能够成为你的情人。

Stan: Would you like to go to the school party with me this Saturday?

史丹：这星期六你要和我一起参加学校的舞会吗？

Angela: Yes, I would. I'll look forward to it.

安琪拉：好啊！我会去，并且满心期待地！




Love 美式爱情（2）


The American concept of love and romance begins with dating. Young people date in several ways. At first they might have group dates with several boys and girls together. Later, they start going on single dates-just one boy and one girl. Sometimes a boy and a girl will go to a movie. Maybe they will go to a party at a friend's house. Or they might go out to eat.


美国人的观念认为爱情和罗曼史是从约会开始的。年轻人约会有几种情况。刚开始，他会有群体式的约会，就是几个男生几个女生一起约出去。之后，他们才开始单独的约会，就是一男一女。有时他们会去看电影，也可能去朋友家聚餐，或者到外面吃饭。


When two couples go out together, we call it double dating. A friend might even arrange a blind date for you with someone you don't know. That doesn't mean you keep your eyes closed the whole evening! You just don't know who your partner will be until the time for the date. If someone asks you for any kind of date, and you don't want to go, you may politely say, "No, thanks."


当有两对一起出去时，我们称之为「两对式约会」，甚至朋友也会安排你不认识的人帮你相亲。所谓相亲（blind date）并不是指让你整晚都把眼睛蒙起来，而是一直要等到约会那天你才知道对象是谁。如果有人以任何一种方式约你，但你不想去，你只管礼貌地说：「谢谢你，我不去。」


Conversation II

会话二

Jeff: Hi, Tanya! Boy, it's freezing today, isn't it?

杰夫：嗨！田雅，老天！今天真冷啊！

Tanya: You're not kidding! I'm glad I'm wearing a hat and gloves!

田雅：你说得没错，我真庆幸戴了帽子和手套！

Jeff: Yeah, ＆＆＆＆＆＆＆ warm all bundled up like that. Say, I was wondering, would you like to go to the Valentine's banquet with me next week?

杰夫：是啊！你裹得那样看起来很暖和。我在想你下星期要不要和我去参加情人节的宴会？





Love 美式爱情（3）


Tanya: Well, I really don't think I can. I have other plans. Thanks for asking, though.

田雅：我想我真得没办法去，我有另外的计划，不过还是谢谢你的邀请。

Jeff: That's O.K. Maybe some other time.

杰夫：没关系，以后还有机会！

Tanya: Yeah. Well, here comes my bus. See you later!

田雅：啊！我的车来了，再见！

Americans view dating differently from people in other cultures. American young people see a date as a time just to have fun. They don't always have a romantic interest in mind. Someone may go out with one person this week, and another person the next. After a while, a boy and a girl may decide they want to "go steady." This means they think of each other as "boyfriend and girlfriend." It also means they don't want to date anyone else. Romance is beginning to bloom.

美国人看「约会」的角度与其它文化不同。美国的年轻人只是把约会当做享乐的时刻，并不都是有感情牵涉在内，有的人也许这星期和这个人出去，下星期和另一个人。过一阵子之后，一男一女可能决定他们要「稳定下来」，就是他们将彼此视为男女朋友，也就是说他们不再和其它人约会。爱情将开始绽放。

Romantic love is very much a part of American culture. Movies, TV shows and books in America all picture people falling in love. Americans know that no romance is perfect, but still they try to find the ideal person. Actually, love is a part of every culture, not just American culture. People all over the world search for happiness in a loving relationship.

爱情是美国文化的一大部份，美国的电影、电视和书都刻画人们坠入情网的事，美国人知道没有一个爱情是完美的，但他们仍旧试图寻找理想伴侣。事实上，爱情是每一种文化的一部份而非仅是美国文化的。我们可以看出全世界的人都想在爱情里寻求快乐。

Maybe love does make the world go around.

也许爱情确实使世界旋转吧！

刀刀RYU

No- needle Powder Injections

      A device that can administer dry powders painlessly through the skin is under development by an Oxford - based Company.

      Known as the Powdeinject, it is hoped that the device will function as an alternative to traditional needle- based injections.

      Powderinject Pharmaceutical Co. is investigating the product for the delivery of drugs by transdermal and mucosal mutes, although it says that it intends to develop systems for delivery to the eye and, by means of catheter, to internal organs.

      Currently, the device is being developed for administration of local anaestbetics, and for vaccination against hepatitis B. Clinical trials have begun in some indications. Phase Il trials have started for lidocaine and the year 2000 has been suggested as a possible launch date for the product. Therapeutic areas to be targeted ill the future include diabetes, pain and migraine.

      The device works on the principle of accelerating fine perticles of drug as a dry powder to supersonic speeds in a helium gas jet. The jet is created within a delivery system in which the release of compressed helium gas ruptures a membrane surrounding the drug. A sudden expansion creates a supersonic shock wave which carries the helium and drug particles into the tissue of the skin or mucosa. The drug then dissolves in the skin to act locally or to diffuse into the systemic circulation.

       In rome eases, it is necessary to formulate the drug in a carrier powder, such as mannitol or lactose, or with other exeipients to improve or modify delivery. The particle size used, between 20 and 70 gm, is tm small to cause tissue distension and excitation of pain receptors.

       Powdeinject estimates that about 10 per cent of all currently marketed pharmaceuticals are suitable for powder injection. These include the products of small molecules, peptides, proteins or genes. In particular, it suggests that it may be cheaper to store and distribute agents when formulated in the new system as compounds tend to be more stable when dry.

       The major limiting factor of the product was that the dose administrated had to be below about 6rog. Although this was not a problem for most drags, it could be a drawback for certain high dose analgesics and antibiotics.



New Words and Expressions

  1. painlessly adv 无痛的.无痛苦的

  2．Powdeinject n．意为专门研制干粉注射剂并以此命名的药厂

  3．alternative n。替代物，两者(或以上)挑一

  4．transdermal adj．经皮肤的

  5．anaesthetic n．麻醉剂

  6．vaccination n．种痘，接种(疫苗)

  7．indication n．适应症，疾病

  8．lidocaine n．利多卡因(局部麻醉药)

  9．therapeutic adj．治疗的，有疗效的

  10．diabetes n．糖尿病

  11，migraine n．偏头痛

  12。accelerate v．加速，促进

  13．particle n．微粒，颗粒

  14．supersonic adj．超声的，超音速的

  15．helium n．氦

  16．jet n．喷射流

  17．compress v．压缩，挤压

  18．rupture v．使破裂

  19．expansion n．扩大，膨胀

  20．mucosa n 粘膜

  21．diffuse v．扩散，传播

  22．systemic a由．系统的，全身的

  23．circulation n．循环

  24．carrier n．载体，携带者

  25．mannitol n．甘露醇

  26．1actose n．乳糖

  27．excipient n．(药)赋形剂

  28．distension n．肿胀，扩张

  29．excitation n．刺激，兴奋

  30．receptor n．感受器，受体

  31．estimate v．估计，判断

  32．peptide n．肽

  33．gene n．基因

  34．distribute v．销售，分发

  35．drawback n．缺点，障碍

  36．analgesic n．镇静药，止痛剂


Notes to the Text

    1．no—needle powder injections无针头粉剂注射器

    2．A device that can administer dry powders painlessly through the skin is underdevelopment by an Oxford—based company．

    英国牛津的一家制药公司正在研制一种新型注射器具，可以使干粉透过皮肤进行无痛给药。

    本句的主要成分是：Adevice isunderdevelopment byacompany。其中定语从句that can administer dry powders painlessly through the skin修饰名词device，对其作用加以说明。

    development(包括动词develop)在本文中不是“发展”的意思。科技英语中，这个词更多地指“开发”。它强调的是为改进现行的生产(产品，方法，设备等)所进行的扩展型“研究工作”，其原意“发展”已经基本消失，而赋予了“发现、发明、创新”等新意，用来指对科技新事物的探索及其成果。全球广泛使用的“R&D”即Reseach and Development，研究与开发。

    例：The developmen to fradar is due to the work by many thousand Of people．

    雷达的研制成功是成千上万人的劳动成果。

    New-and better drugs were developed．They often curedsO rapidly and dramatically that they were called "miracle drugs" 更好的新品种药物研制出来了。它们的疗效往往十分迅速而显著，所以称为“神药”。

    an Oxford-based company 位于牛津的一家公司。

    —based 用于构成复合词，表示“设在……的”，“以……为基础(或基本成分)的”，“以 ……为主要手段的”等意。

    例：a Latin-based language以拉丁语为基础的语言

    anoil-basedinsecticide油溶性杀虫剂

    3．Powderject Pharmaceutical Co．is investigating the product for the delivery of drugs by transdermal and mucosal routes，although it says that it intends to develop systems for delivery to the eye and，by means of catheter，to internal organs.

    本段仅由一个句子构成。除了主句外，只有一个让步状语从句，看起来并不复杂，但句中的修饰性短语较多。句子首先点出了产品的研制厂家(Powderject Pharmaceutical Co． 接着介绍了产品的作用(for the delivery of drugs…)，最后告诉读者厂家原来的开发计划 (to developsystems for delivery to the eye and internal organs)。根据汉语表达习惯，全句可译为：Powderject制药公司虽然打算开发研制向眼部或借助导管向体内器官释放药物的系统，而正在开发的这种产品则是通过皮肤和粘膜释放药物的。

    4．a possible launch date for the product 该产品可能投放市场的日期

    5．The jet is created within a delivery system in which the release of compressed helium gas ruptures a membrane surrounding the drug·

    在产生喷射气流的这种传输装置中，压缩氦气的释出使包裹药物的薄膜破裂。

    此句中，限制性定语从句in which the release of compressed helium gas ruptures a mem.brane surrounding the drug修饰名词system；surrounding the drug是现在分词短语作定语，修饰membraneo

  6 ……Or tO diffuse into the systemic circulation．

  ． ……扩散至全身循环。

    7．……as compounds tend to be more stable whendry．

    ……药物作为复方，在干燥状态下，会更加稳定。

    这是一个原因状语从句，其中的whendry为时间状语从句when they are dry的省略形式。

                                                 Exercises

I . Answer the following questions:

    1. What is the name of the new device? Can you guess the meaning it implies?

    2. By what ways can the new product deliver drugs to the body?

    3. At present, what aim is the new product developed for?

    4. What is the principle the new device works?

    5.. What is .the main limiting factor of the new product?

2. Translate the following into Chinese:

     A new transmucosal drug delivery system has been developed by 3M Pharmaceuticals. The company has been working on the system for three years but expects that it will be another two or three years before the product is available on the market. The small patch - like device, called Cydot, is about 0.5 to lcm and lmm thick, and is worn behind the lip where it adheres

to the mucosal surface of be gum for up to 24 hours.

刀刀RYU

Larry和李华到学校附近一家新开的墨西哥快餐店吃饭。今天李华会学到两个常用语：cash cow和tickled pink。

LL: Wow! This place is a real cash cow! Look how crowded it is!

LH: Cash cow？ 什么是cash cow？ 我知道cash就是钱，现金；cow是一头牛。噢，我懂了，cash cow就是一头很有钱的牛。意思就是，这里生意这么兴隆，钱赚很多。对不对？

LL: That is right! A cash cow is a business that is very profitable. This is obviously a popular place, so they must be making a lot of money.

LH: 没错，这家餐厅一定很赚钱。你看，要是这里每小时来200个客人，每人平均消费7美元，那就不得了了！

LL: That's $1,400 an hour! This place is definitely a cash cow. I wish I owned a business like this.

LH: 嗯，我也希望自己能有这样一个赚钱的摇钱树呢。

LL: You know what? The new movie theater that they just opened by campus is another real cash cow.

LH: 对耶！学校旁边那家新开的电影院，是这附近唯一的一家，所以大家都上那儿去看电影。他们肯定也很赚钱。

LL: Tickets are really expensive, too, but we don't have a choice because there aren't any other movie theaters nearby.

LH: 真没办法，就因为这是这儿唯一的一家电影院，尽管票价贵，大家也别无选择！他们变成了赚钱的影院，a cash cow!可苦了我们这些穷学生！

LL: At least they give student discounts on weekdays. That makes it a little bit easier on us.

LH: 看来，我们最好在星期一到星期五之间去看电影。这样可以享受优惠价。不过这对戏院本身也有好处么！这样一来，学生就愿意在生意比较清淡的时间去看电影喽！

LL: You should be a businesswoman, Li Hua. It seems like you really understand these things. If you own a business, I'm sure it will turn out to be a cash cow.

LH: 也不见得啦！我其实对做生意没太大兴趣。

******

LL: I'm tickled pink with the food here. What do you think, Li Hua? Do you like Mexican food?

LH: 我很喜欢墨西哥菜，好吃极了。你说你tickled pink ？Tickle是搔痒的意思，pink是粉红色，你是说这道菜太辣了？

LL: No, I mean that I really like the food. To be tickled pink by something is to be really pleased by it.

LH: 噢，原来，tickled pink是指非常高兴，很满意的意思。嗯，我也很喜欢这里的菜。I am tickled pink too。

LL: Oh, I almost forgot to tell you: I got a really good job for the summer. I'm really tickled pink about it.

LH: 你找到一份非常好的暑期工？那太好了。我真替你高兴。那你什么时候开始工作呢？

LL: I'll take a couple of weeks off after exams and then start work at the beginning of June. I told my mom and she was tickled pink too.

LH: 考完试休息几个星期再工作。这安排真是不错。别说你妈听了高兴，谁听了都会替你高兴。我还不知道暑期干什么呢！

LL: Aren't you going to visit Vancouver?

LH: 对，我是要去温哥华看我哥哥，但是我得先打工，赚了钱才能去呀！听说学校图书馆有暑期工作。

LL: That sounds good. You could sit in the air-conditioned library all summer and read and play on the Internet. You should be tickled pink to get a job like that!

LH: 对，要是他们要我的话，我可以一个暑期坐在有空调的图书馆里看书，玩互联网。有那么一个工作，我当然高兴啦！

今天学到两个常用语。一个是cash cow，这是指非常赚钱的生意。也就是摇钱树。另一个常用语是tickled pink，是让人非常高兴，非常愉快的意思。

刀刀RYU

今天我们要讲的两个习惯用语都是以walk这个字为主的。Walk就是走路的意思。我们要讲的两个习惯用语一个是好事。另一个是坏事。我们先来讲第一个吧！To walk down the aisle. To walk down就是：走下去，aisle就是两组座位之间的走道，就像电影院,大礼堂和教堂里的走道一样。

西方人结婚一般都要在教堂里举行婚礼。在举行婚礼时，新娘穿着白的礼服，随着结婚进行曲从入口一直走到前面主持婚礼的牧师面前。因此，to walk down the aisle就是结婚。我们来举一个例子。这是一个人在讲英国查尔斯王子和戴安那公主的婚事。

例句-1: Do you remember how the royal couple walked down the aisle in Westminster Cathedral over ten years ago? I hoped they'd be happy forever after and I'm sorry to see them splitting up.

这个人说：你还记得十多年前英国王族的一对夫妇在威斯敏斯特教堂举行婚礼的情况吗？当时，我真希望他们能从此永远幸福。现在看到他们分手真让我难受。

这句话里提到的Westminster Cathedral，也就是威斯敏斯特教堂。历代英国国王都在这个教堂里举行加冕仪式。许多国王和名人也葬在这个教堂里。

******

我们再来举一个例子。这个例子是在讲一个很现代化的女子对婚姻和事业的看法。这是她的妹妹在讲话。

例句2: My sister says she won't walk down the aisle with the first man who asks her. What she wants is to establish a career and have some financial independence like so many women these days.

这个妹妹说：我姐姐讲她不会跟第一个向她求婚的男人结婚。她要先确立她的事业，在经济上具有一定的独立能力，就像现在许多妇女那样。

这确实是许多美国年轻女子对生活的态度。而且这也是非常重要的，因为美国许多家庭现在单靠丈夫一人工作是不够家用的，所以妇女也必须有自己的职业。另外，美国的离婚率很高，要是女子没有自己事业，缺乏独立生活能力，一旦婚姻破裂，她们往往会发现自己处于非常被动的地位。

******

你有没有听到过有关海盗的故事？很久以前，那些海盗往往在海上航行的时候拦劫船只，扣押船员和乘客。凡是他们认为没有用的人，他们经常会把他们扔到海里去。这就是我们要讲的第二个习惯用语：To walk the plank. Plank就是很厚的木板。那么什么是to walk the plank呢？他们先把一块木板放在船的一侧，板的一头从船身伸出去，就像一块跳水的跳板一样。他们逼迫那些他们不要的船员或乘客从板上走出去，然后，投入海中被淹死。这种海盗当然已经没有了。但是，to walk the plank这个说法依然存在。它的意思是：被解雇。

比如说，你可能会听说一个公司的销售部经理因为跟他的老板合不来而被迫to walk the plank。在美国政府里有许多官员是总统任命的，因此在老总统下台，新总统上任的时候，那些老总统任命的官员往往都被解雇，由新总统重新任命。下面这个例句就是在讲这种现象。

例句3: When a new man goes to the White House, all the top officials appointed by the old administration have to be ready to walk the plank to make room for the new president to appoint his own people.

这句话的意思是：当一个新总统进入白宫的时候，前政府任命的高级官员都得准备被解雇，好腾出位子来让新总统任命他自己的人。

像这种被总统任命的高级官员大约有两千四百人。可是为联邦政府工作的雇员一共有几百万。相比下来，高级官员的人数也不算太多。

******

一个人刚买下一家服装店。下面是一个朋友在对他提出忠告。这个朋友说：

例句4: When you take over the store, think twice about making the manager walk the plank. It may not be easy to find another one as honest and efficient as he is.

这个朋友说：当你接管店铺的时候，在是不是要解雇经理的问题上要三思而行。要找一个像他那样老实和工作有效的经理恐怕不是那末容易。

刀刀RYU

monkey business

to make a monkey out of somebody

当别人提到猴子的时候，你脑子里会出现一个什么形像呢？一般来说，人们认为猴子是一个很聪敏的动物，大家都喜欢观察它们，这是因为猴子的行动往往跟人很像。它们也确实和人一样有的时候很调皮、爱耍花招。美国的成语和俗语也反应了猴子的这些特点。今天我们要讲的两个习惯用语就是和猴子的特性有关的。我们要介绍的第一个俗语就是：monkey business。 Monkey 就是猴子的意思， business 是指做生意或办什么事。但是 monkey 和 business 两个字合在一起用的时候，它们的意思就变了。 Monkey business 是指不道德或不合法的行为，往往是偷偷摸摸和具有欺骗性的行为，例如盗用公款等。下面我们来举一个例子：

例句-1: "The newspapers say there's a lot of monkey business going on at city hall, with officials getting money under the table from people who want the contract to build the new airport."

这句话的意思是：“有些报纸说，市政府里有许多见不得人的事，有的营造商为了从市政府获得建造新机场的合同而偷偷地用钱贿赂市政府的官员。”

Monkey business 不一定指当官的人贪污腐化，一般人当中也可能出现不轨行为，下面这个人说的就是一个例子：

例句-2: "I think there's some kind of monkey business going on in that house across the street. People going in and out all day long; maybe they're selling drugs or something."

这个人说：“我看对马路那个房子里的人一定在进行一些不正当的勾当。一天到晚老有人进进出出，他们可能在贩毒，或搞其他什么鬼名堂！”

下面我们要讲的一个和 monkey 有关的俗语是 to make a monkey out of somebody。 Somebody 是指某个人。To make a monkey out of somebody 这个俗语的意思是：把某人弄得好像一个傻瓜一样。下面我们来举一个例子：

例句-3: "My friend Pete made a monkey out of me the other day. He told me the party Saturday night was formal, so I wore a suit and tie. But everybody else there was wearing a tee-shirt and blue jeans. It sure made me feel like a fool."

这个人说：“我的朋友皮特那天真把我弄得像个傻瓜一样。他告诉我星期六晚上的聚会是很正式的，所以我就穿上西装，戴上领带。可是其他人都穿园领衫和牛仔库。我真感到自己好像是个傻瓜一样。”

在一般情况下，人们总是设法把别人弄得很傻，但是也有人由于自己的行为不当而把自己弄得像个傻瓜蛋一样。例如，下面这个人在说的这个孩子就是如此：

例句-4: "Tom made a monkey out of himself by jumping up and down and yelling when his father wouldn't let him go to the movie."

这个人说：“汤姆因为他爸爸不让他去看电影就一个劲地上下乱跳，嘴巴里还大声乱叫，简直把自己弄得像个傻瓜一样。”

我们今天讲了两个和monkey 有关的俗语。它们是 monkey business 和 to make a monkey out of somebody。

刀刀RYU

hot seat

hot and bothered

美国人在日常生活中经常用 hot 这个字，例如 hot potato， hot dog， hot number， hot rod 等等。它们有的时候代表好的、正面的意思，但有一些则具有反面的意思。今天我们要介绍两个和 hot 这个字有关的习惯用语。第一个是：hot seat。

大家都已经知道 hot 这个字是热的意思，seat 就是座位。 Hot seat 这个俗语从字面上来解释就是那个座位很热，或很烫。但是，它的真正意思却并非如此。大家都知道，有些国家在处决那些被判死刑的犯人时不是用枪决的方式，而是让犯人坐在一张可以通电的椅子上，把他电死的。以前，人们就是把犯人坐的那张椅子叫做 hot seat。可是，美国好些州现在都已经废除了死刑。Hot seat 这个俗语的意思也有所改变。现在，hot seat 这个俗语指的是那种可能会产生麻烦，或让人感到难堪的局面。请听下面这个例子：

例句-1: "I thought it would be fun to judge the high school beauty contest. Instead I ended up on the hot seat. When we picked the winner, I made one girl happy and nineteen others mad at me."

这个人说：“我原先以为参加中学生美女评选是一件很有趣的事。可是,结果弄得我很为难。我们选出了一个冠军，这样，只有一个女孩是高兴的，另外十九个都生我们的气。”

我们再举个例子：

例句-2: "If you're mayor of a big city these days, you're sitting in the hot seat -- it's hard to make voters happy when you don't have the money in the budget to give them all the things they expect."

这句话翻成中文就是：“现在这个年头，你要是当一个大城市的市长的话，那麻烦可多啦。预算里没有那么多的钱来满足选民们所期望的一切，要使他们高兴真是难上难。”

下面我们要给大家介绍的一个俗语也是和 hot 这个字有关的。 这个俗语就是 hot and bothered。 Hot and bothered 的意思是一个人由于某件事而感到很激动、担忧或者很生气。一个简单的例子就是：

例句-3: "Nancy was all hot and bothered when her boyfriend showed up two hours late to take her to the party."

这个人说：“南希和她的男朋友约好了一起去参加一个聚会。可是，南希等呀等，她的男朋友晚了两个小时才来接她。南希可真是既生气,又担心。”

一个丈夫做完了晚饭，把厨房弄得一塌糊涂。这时，他对他的妻子说：

例句-4: "Please don't get hot and bothered about all these dirty pans and dishes, honey. After dinner you just sit down and relax and watch TV, and let me clean up the kitchen."

这位丈夫说：“亲爱的，你别因为这些脏的盘子和碗就发火和担心。吃完饭，你就去坐下，看看电视，轻松轻松，让我来把厨房打扫乾净。”

以上我们讲了两个和 hot 这个字有关的俗语。第一个是 hot seat， hot seat 是指那种可能会产生麻烦的情形 。我们今天讲的第二个俗语是 hot and bothered，hot and bothered 就是指一个人由于某件事而感到很激动`生气或担忧。

刀刀RYU

hick

city slicker

世界各地存在一个普遍现象，那就是城市居民和农民之间互相瞧不起，用一些贬低对方的名称称呼对方。美国人在这方面也不例外。住在像纽约这种大城市的居民往往把农民看成是一些土里土气、脑子很简单，而且容易上当受骗的人。他们认为，农民只会跟猪和牛打交道，可是不善于和人打交道。这些城里人经常把农民称为：hick。Hick这个字和中文里的乡下老差不多。但是，一个hick并不见得一辈子做乡下老。请听下面这个例子：

例句-1: "See that well-dressed man across the room? That's Mr. Green. When he came to New York 20 years ago, he was only a hick fresh out of the cornfields of Kansas. But he turned out to be a lot smarter than he looked; they say he made ten million dollars last year trading in the stock exchange."

这个人说：“你瞧屋子那边那个衣着很讲究的人。那是格林先生。二十年前他来纽约之前，只不过是勘萨斯州种玉米的乡巴老。他当时虽然看起来不怎么样，但是脑子却非常灵活。他们说，去年他通过买进卖出股票就赚了一千万美元。”

下面是一个人在回顾他大学时代的一个同学：

例句-2: "My roommate in my freshman year was a real hick. He came from a town so small it didn't have a stop light, a building with an elevator or a movie theater."

他说：“大学一年级时和我住一个房间的那个同学真是个乡下老。他的老家是一个非常小的镇，那里连红绿灯都没有，没有一个楼里有电梯的，甚至连电影院都没有。”

美国农民的人数现在越来越少了。一百年前，美国有百分之四十二的人生活在农村。可是，随着城镇的发展和农业机械化，美国农民的人数现在已经下降到只占总人口的百分之二点二。在二十世纪，由于交通、收音机和电视的发展，城市和农村的区别已经在很大程度上消除了。可能正是因为这个原因，农民用来贬低城里人的名词很有限。他们常用的一个是：city slicker。Slick这个字的意思是很滑流。所以，一个city slicker 也就是说话很圆滑，衣着很时髦，但是很可能是一个不老实、不可信任的家伙。比如说，一个农民的女儿就要到城里去工作，这个农民对他的妻子说：

例句-3: "Yep, I told Susie not to go out with any of them city slickers with their smooth talk and fancy clothes. If she has to go out, look for a farm boy. He may be a hick, but she can trust him a whole lot more."

他说：“是的，我告诉苏琦不要和那些圆嘴滑舌、衣着讲究的城里人出去玩。要是她一定要出去玩，找一个农村来的男孩。他也许是个乡巴老，但是至少是可以信得过的。”

下面这个例子是对城里人的一个评价：

例句-4: "Sure, a city slicker looks smart as long as he stays in a place like New York. But you put him down on a farm and he won't do much better than a newborn baby!"

这句话的意思是：“是的，一个油滑的城里人在像纽约这种地方看起来都很精明。但是，你要是把他送到农村去，他肯定什么也不会干，比一个新生婴儿好不了多少。”

今天我们讲了有关城里人和农民用贬意的名词称呼对方的习惯用语。城里人把农民称为hick。农民把城里人叫做city slicker。

刀刀RYU

李华今天在紧张地准备历史课的考试。她在和Michael的谈话中会学到两个常用语：beats me和to be in a bind.

M: Hey, Li Hua. What are you doing?

L: 我在准备历史课的考试。Michael, 你知道美国总统罗斯福和斯大林第一次见面是在什么时候？

M: Beats me. I don't know much about that period of history.

L: 哎哟，你不知道我也不会打你呀，你为什么要说：Beats me? Beat不就是打人的意思吗？

M: No, I don't mean you would beat me. The expression "beats me" means that I have no idea what the answer is.

L: 噢，在这里，beat不是打人的意思。Beats me就是我不知道！

M: Right. If I ask you a question like how many miles away the sun is, you might say, "I don't know - beats me."

L: 这你倒是说对了，我还真不知道地球和太阳之间距离多少英里。Beats me! 你知道尼加拉瓜的第五任总统是谁吗？

M: Okay, that really beats me. You don't really need to know the answer to that question for your history test, do you?

L: 傻瓜，我当然不需要知道这个答案，我是在跟你开玩笑，我学的历史是二次大战期间的美国和欧洲，和尼加拉瓜根本就没关系。

M: Okay. By the way, what time is your history exam?

L: 哟，beats me! 我把考试的日程忘在同学家里了！

M: You left the schedule at your classmate's home? What's wrong with you?

L: Beats me! 我也不知道我怎么会忘在他家里的。不过，没关系，我还有足够时间来准备。

M: You had better go and check the exam time. If the exam is tomorrow, you're really going to be in trouble.

L: 行，行，行。我去查，要是明天就考试的话，那我可真是麻烦了。

******

M: Hey, Li Hua, did you find someone to help you with that history question?

L: 没有人知道罗斯福和斯大林第一次见面是什么时候。我也找不到这方面的材料。而且，考试是星期二，不是星期三。我这下可真麻烦了。

M: Wow, it sounds like you're really in a bind.

L: 你说什么？我在什么东西里？什么是a bind?

M: To be in a bind -- B I N D -- means that you are in a very difficult situation. Your exam is tomorrow and you can't find the material you need to study. Therefore, you are in a bind.

L: 噢，to be in a bind就是处境很难。唉，我真是处境艰难。Michael，我这次考试可能要不及格了。你能不能帮我摆脱这个困境呢？也就是 to get out of this bind I'm in.

M: Of course, I'm always willing to help a friend out of a bind. You can study your notes, and I can look up any questions you have in your text book. Will that help?

L: 我复习我的笔记，然后你帮我查课文里的问题。这是个好主意，这样我可以省好多时间。Michael, 谢谢你，谢谢你。哎，还有什么情况下我们可以用to be in a bind?

M: Well, if I have to pay my rent, but I don't have any money, then I'm in a bind.

L: 你付房租的时候到了，可是你又没有钱，那可真是in a bind。我来举个例子。要是我在找工作，有个公司要和我面谈，可是我早就和朋友约好那天要一块儿吃饭，我可以说：I'm in a bind吗？

M: Yes, you would be in a bind. But you're going to be in an even worse bind if we don't start studying for your exam soon.

L: 你说得对，要是我们再不动手开始准备考试的话，那我就会处境更困难了-- in an even worse bind。好吧，那赶快念书吧！I don't want to be in a bind anymore!

今天李华学到了一个用得非常普遍的说法：beats me, 意思是“不知道”。李华还学到了另一个常用语：to be in a bind, 意思是“处境困难”。

刀刀RYU

to throw one's hat in the ring

to go on the stump

美国每四年就会遇到一次总统大选。今天的「美国习惯用语」节目，我们要给大家介绍几个美国人在选举中常用的俗语。

美国总统大选一般是在十一月初举行。可是，竞选活动往往早就开始了。在竞选的第一个阶段，那些认为自己有资格当总统的人经过多方考虑后作出究竟参不参加这次总统竞选的决定。美国人经常用一个俗语来指决定参加竞选，就是：to throw one's hat in the ring。

To throw one's hat in the ring是指某人决定参加竞选。这个说法可能是来自很早以前的一种风俗。那时,有的职业摔交运动员经常到各地去旅行和当地的人才一比高低。如果当地有某个人决定和他比赛的话，那个人就把他的帽子往场里一扔，表示接受挑战。当然，这类到处旅行，像中国古时候摆擂台的那种方式现在很少见了，可是这个俗语却被普遍用来形容接受挑战，参加竞选。我们来举一个例子吧：

例句-1: "A former senator from Massachusetts named Paul Tsongas was the first Democrat to throw his hat in the ring for this year's presidential election. "

这句话的意思是：“麻省一位名字叫保尔·聪格斯的前参议员是第一个决定参加今年总统竞选的民主党人。”

在是否参加总统竞选的问题上，纽约州的州长科莫最晚作出决定：

例句-2: "People at first thought that the Governor of New York would throw his hat in the ring. But he waited and waited and announced at the last minute that he would not run for president."

这句话是说：“人们开始都以为纽约州州长科莫会参加竞选。可是，他迟迟不作决定，直到最后一分钟才宣布他决定不参加竞选总统。”

在竞选总统的第二个阶段，那些决定参加竞选的人开始到各地去参加各州的初选。在美国的俗语中就是：to go on the stump。To go on the stump在这里的意思是参加竞选的人到各处去发表讲演，争取选民的支持。你要是查字典的话，stump这个字的一个意思是：树墩。树墩和到处演讲这两者之间在美国是有历史性联系的。在美国刚成立的时候，人们为了开荒种地和建立新的城镇，砍掉好多树。竞选公职的候选人往往站在树墩上发表演说。慢慢地，stump这个字就演变到现在的意思，也就是竞选者到各处去演说争取选票。下面我们来举个例子吧：

例句-3: "The governor is running for reelection, and he's looking hard for votes--he'll go on the stump in the whole state next month and make speeches in over fifty cities and towns."

这句话的意思是：“这位州长正在竞选连任。他在竭尽全力地争取选票。下个月，他要到全州五十个城镇去发表讲话，开展竞选活动。”

可是有时候，竞选方式却和往年有所不同：

例句-4: "Usually, candidates fly to different places to make speeches. This year, however, the Democratic candidates Clinton and Gore took a bus to make their stump speeches in order to meet more people at the grassroots level. "

这句话里的stump这个字是个形容词。这句话是说：“候选人一般都是乘飞机到各处去发表演说。可是，今年民主党的两位候选人克林顿和戈尔改乘大轿车去各地竞选，这样他们沿途可以见到更多的普通老百姓。”

今天我们介绍了两个和选举有关的俗语：to throw one's hat in the ring和to go on the stump。To throw one's hat in the ring是指某人决定参加竞选。To go on the stump在这里的意思是参加竞选的人到各处去发表讲演，争取选民的支持。